Description: A series of creative movements in the second half of the 19th century in England and Scotland powered a reappraisal of the role of decoration in art and led to the rediscovery of ornamentation. Architect-driven precision, the post-Pre-Raphaelite imagery in books and paintings, the emergence of the New Sculpture, the Celtic Revival, and the Arts and Crafts Movement all contributed to a fervently creative atmosphere from which great individual innovators emerged: Charles Rennie Mackintosh, William Morris, Aubrey Beardsley, and Arthur Lasenby Liberty. Each contributed, however enthusiastically or reluctantly, to the development of the elements which went into creating Art Nouveau, a series of styles which swept through the historically-ridden designs of the day to let in the light of originality based on the organic analysis of nature.

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